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How do I create a bottomless photo or video effect like the ones you see on social media?

**Perspective distortion**: The bottomless effect is achieved by manipulating perspective distortion, which occurs when parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, making objects appear smaller and farther away.

**Vanishing points**: To create the illusion of a never-ending background, photographers use one or multiple vanishing points, where parallel lines converge, creating a sense of depth.

**Depth cues**: Our brains use depth cues, such as shading, texture, and atmospheric perspective, to perceive the 3D structure of a scene, making the bottomless effect more convincing.

**Chromatic adaptation**: Cameras can only capture a limited range of colors, which is why photographers often use chromatic adaptation to balance colors and create a more natural look.

**Bokeh effect**: The blurred background, known as the bokeh effect, is achieved by using a large aperture (small f-stop number), creating a shallow depth of field and emphasizing the subject.

**Layer blending modes**: Post-processing software like Adobe Photoshop use layer blending modes to combine multiple images, creating the illusion of a seamless background.

**Frequency separation**: Photographers use frequency separation techniques to isolate specific parts of the image, such as the model's skin tones, to achieve a more natural look.

**Selection tools**: Sophisticated selection tools, like the "Select and Mask" feature in Photoshop, help extract subjects from complex backgrounds.

**Cloning and healing**: The clone stamp and healing brush tools are used to remove blemishes and imperfections, creating a more polished final image.

**Atmospheric perspective**: The color and contrast of the background are often adjusted to simulate atmospheric perspective, making the scene appear more realistic.

**Grid system**: Photographers use a grid system to align objects and create a sense of balance and harmony in the composition.

**Golden ratio**: The golden ratio, approximately 1.618:1, is often used to determine the placement of elements in the frame, creating a more aesthetically pleasing composition.

**Rule of thirds**: Dividing the frame into thirds both horizontally and vertically helps photographers place the subject off-center, creating a more dynamic composition.

**Color harmony**: Colors are often selected based on principles of color harmony, such as complementary, analogous, or triadic color schemes, to create visual appeal.

**Lighting ratios**: The balance of key, fill, and backlighting is crucial in creating a well-lit scene, as it affects the overall mood and ambiance of the image.

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